The air spring is filled with compressed air in a sealed container
and uses the compressibility of the gas to achieve its elastic bai
effect. The air spring has ideal non-linear elastic
characteristics. After the height adjustment device is installed,
the height of the vehicle body does not change with the increase or
decrease of the load. The spring stiffness can be designed to be
low and the ride comfort is good. However, the air spring
suspension has a complicated structure and high manufacturing cost.
Air spring advantages: 1) Air springs have excellent
nonlinear and hard characteristics, which can effectively limit the
amplitude, avoid resonance and prevent shock. The non-linear
characteristic curve of the air spring can be ideally designed
according to actual needs, so that it has a lower performance near
the rated load. The stiffness value of . 2) Since the medium used
in the air spring is mainly air, it is easy to implement active
control. 3) The stiffness k of the air spring changes with the load
P, so under different loads, the natural frequency of its vibration
isolation system is almost unchanged, and the vibration isolation
effect is almost unchanged. 4) The stiffness of the air spring is
adjustable, and the stiffness of the system can be changed by
changing the volume of the air chamber or the pressure of the inner
cavity. Regardless of the load, the air pressure can be changed as
needed to adjust the stiffness of the air spring, or the internal
volume of the auxiliary air chamber can be increased to reduce the
stiffness. 5) For air springs of the same size, when the internal
pressure changes, different bearing capacities can be obtained.
This allows the same air spring to meet the requirements of
multiple loads, so it is economical. The air spring can bear a
certain lateral load and transmit torque while bearing the vertical
load. 6) Increasing the total volume of the air spring can reduce
the natural frequency of the vibration isolation system, which is a
unique advantage of the air spring. The volume of the air spring
body, due to certain restrictions on the size of the structural
space, cannot be too large. In order to reduce the natural
frequency of the vibration isolation system, an auxiliary air
chamber can be set, which can be arranged far away from the air
spring. The volume of the auxiliary air chamber increases, that is,
the total volume of the air spring is increased, and the natural
frequency of the air spring vibration isolation system is reduced.
7) The air spring can use a height control valve system to keep the
working height basically unchanged under different loads.
Similarly, the height control valve can also be used to make the
air spring have different heights under a certain load, so it can
adapt to various structural requirements. 8) The air spring
can absorb high frequency vibration and has excellent sound
insulation performance. Air spring is mainly composed of
rubber bag and air. During the vibration process, the rubber
bladder has little internal friction due to expansion and warpage,
so it is difficult to transmit high-frequency vibration. Air and
rubber are not easy to transmit sound, so they have good sound
insulation performance. The steel spring is easy to transmit
high-frequency vibration and sound. 9) If an orifice is set between
the main air chamber and the auxiliary air chamber of the air
spring, when the air spring vibrates and deforms, a pressure
difference will occur between the main and auxiliary air chambers,
and the air flowing through the orifice absorbs part of the energy
due to resistance , Thus having a damping effect. A proper throttle
aperture can improve the damping characteristics of the vibration
isolation system and effectively suppress the resonance amplitude.
10) The air spring is light in weight. Except for the rubber
bladder and almost weightless air, its body is the upper cover and
the lower cover, so it is much lighter than the steel spring.
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